Campus Recreation Essay Example for Free

Campus Recreation Essay Sheer volume of participants and diversity of facilities make this an exciting area Def – a program that provides facilities and activities to those that go to school or work at a high school, college or university Intended to promote wellness and develop life long skills Can serve the local community through special memberships or facility rentals Campus recreation gains thousands of new participants every year loses thousands as well Participation can have a significant impact on the campus environment Approx 75% of students participate in campus rec High campus participation can be related to higher GPA Facilities are used to recruit student athletes and potential faculty/staff Individual involvement in has been reported to produce 3 benefits: improved emotional well-being, reduced stress improved happiness Correctional Recreation. Role that recreation plays in correctional facilities varies but there are some standard approaches that have been used throughout North America: Access to appropriate forms of recreation should not be denied Goal of incarceration is to prepare offenders for release and since recreation is part of a normal balanced lifestyle, it must be incorporated into correctional facilities Correctional facilities have a responsibility to â€Å"work† the whole person, which involves the mental, social, physical and spiritual needs of prisoners 1. Develop acceptable outlets for stress – inmates learn to identify and practice acceptable way to relieve stress 2. Identify activities that serve as alternates to addictions – replace time previously devoted to drug use with rec activities 3. Foster interpersonal skills – learn cooperation and team work through rec programs 4. Develop a new sense of purpose – help to guide thinking and future behaviour 5. Enhanced self-esteem – positive rec activities will improve this 6. Foster new interests – provides an outlet to new experiences 7. Awareness of personal needs – recreation can provide appropriate ways to satisfy specific needs 8. Develop decision-making/problem solving skills – recreation allows participants to experience and process the impact of their decisions 9. Develop a possible career – creative skills can be identified and channelled (e. g. music, writing) Worksite Recreation s the offering of recreational activities through the workplace Programs are offered before work, at lunch or after work. Employers have learned that the investments they make in employee health/wellness have a positive benefit financially Benefits employer in recruitment and retention of employees Reduced health care claims Reduced absenteeism Enhanced business image within community Armed Forces Recreation Military recreation programs are founded on 7 principles: 1. Provide inclusive, creative diversified recreation 2. Address physical, emotional social interests 3. Making optimal use of their resources 4. Leadership development 5. Create opportunities for individual and group growth 6. Nurture partnerships with other rec organizations 7. Ensure that rec services are governed in accordance with Canadian military financial management policies Defining Culture Consists of 3 attributes: religion, language social/arts activities Culture influences what we do and how we do it Culture helps to understand our behaviours, attitudes and mindsets Multiculturalism Act (July 1988) – Commits the Gov.. of Canada to assist communities and institutions in bringing about equal access and participation for all Canadians in the economic, social, cultural political life of the nation 1. Ethnicity Theory – Differences in leisure choices is due to ethnicity, cultural values preferences 2. Sociodemographic Theory – Differences in ethnic group participation are actually due to differences in age, education income 3. Opportunity-choice Theory – Considers leisure participation to be influenced by both ethnicity sociodemographic factors Aboriginal People Recreation can be used as a means to alleviate social problems Within the Aboriginal community recreation is recognized as a way to combat: Youth criminal involvement. Teen pregnancy Alcohol abuse Family violence Unemployment It fills the free time of the youth Expenses Structural Expenses – expenses associated with maintaining or improving the physical structure of the facility/site Gross Income – the total amount of money generated over a specified amount of time Net Income – the remaining funds after all expenses have been paid (profit) Fees/Charges Rentals Donations Sponsorships Budgeting – Four types of operating budgets: Line-item Budget Object Classification Budget Program Budget. Performance Budget Recreation Facility Management Management an art that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively Recreation Facility Management is an interdisciplinary field devoted to the coordination of space, infrastructure, people and organization, often associated with the administration of office blocks, arenas, schools, convention centers, shopping complexes, hospitals hotels employees, money, equipment and facilities marketing Def. – the effort to reach and audience to deliver them a product/service Marketing can be divided into the 4 P’s: Product, Promotion, Price Place Special Recreation Special Recreation – a recreational service that takes place in a public community setting to provide enjoyment and to challenge and enrich people with disabilities Special Olympics ;Provides sports opportunities to people with intellectual disabilities More then 3 million participants worldwide Includes more then 25 sports (swimming, track field) Paralympics. Largest sporting event in the world for people with physical disabilities 21 sports 6 categories – visual impairments, intellectual disabilities, amputation, spinal-cord injuries, cerebral palsy â€Å"les autres† First Paralympics held in 1960 in Rome Offers disabled war veterans an area of sport to develop after injuries Outward Bound Developed in Wales in 1941 Believes young men women must face increasingly complex situation in which self-esteem confidence are at a premium Prepares people to face difficult natural environments. Programs for special needs youth developed in 1970’s focusing on strengthening mental aspect and self-confidence VSA Arts International non-profit dedicated to creating a society in which people with disabilities can learn through, participate in enjoy the arts Offer innovative programs on local, national international levels (e. g. Training institutes, arts camps award programs Therapeutic Recreation Purposeful selection of recreation activities to reach a goal 2. Enhancement of independent functioning through recreation participation 3. Quality of life, wellness, optimal health as core concerns 4. Focus on the individual in the context of their own environment TR Process Assessment . Planning Implementation . Evaluation Recreation Sport Management Participation in rec sports surpasses that of all other rec activities In 2009 77% of Canadians 6 yrs and older participated in some form of sport or fitness activity Once considered only a diversion from work, sport has become a multi-billion dollar industry Much of a fan or participants time and money is devoted to their sport or team. Def – the administration and management of a large number and variety of sport, fitness, and recreation programs Focuses mainly on the business 5 basic programming areas: Instructional sports – teach skills, rules and strategies in a non academic environment Informal sports – self-directed participation focused on fun and fitness Intramural sport – structured sports (leagues/tournaments) conducted in a particular setting Extramural sports structured sports between winners of intramural programs Club sports – groups of participants that organize because of a common interest Trends. Funding Legal Aspects Sport Facilities Technology Sport Facilities Technology Health – a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease Wellness Def The condition of good physical and mental health, especially when maintained by proper diet, exercise, and habits Genetics Race or ethnicity Access to health care 4. Environment 6 wellness dimensions: Physical Wellness Intellectual Wellness Emotional Wellness Social Wellness Environmental Wellness Spiritual Wellness.

An Analysis Of The Ub Group United Breweries Marketing Essay

An Analysis Of The Ub Group United Breweries Marketing Essay The inception of UB Group dates back in the late 19th Century in the year 1857. When beer was being distributed using bullock carts in casks and the largest number of customers were the defense personnel. Positive evolution has been undertaken in the company as United Breweries is manufacturing and delivering beer around the whole world fulfilling the customers wants across generations and continents. Today, UB Group records remarkable success over the last 94 years of operation. UB Group is a large Holding Company that majorly owns five companies; United Spirits Limited (USL), United Breweries Limited (UBL), Kingfisher Airlines, Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (MCF), UB Engineering that have seen the company lead in market share worldwide. The companies, United Spirits and United Breweries have attained landmarks with revenue shooting beyond one hundred million. In the same line United Spirits has developed into close proximity to the planets major distiller. United Breweries also has recorded increase sales for the first moment in time that surpass half of market share control in the exceedingly cutthroat brewing space. Other companies too have performed outstandingly well. Propelled by the countrys endeavored growth trajectory growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as by quantification of poverty reduction, the company is geared towards attaining higher goals and objectives. The company is led through corporate Governance in light of transparency of high principles through substantial promoter holding constituents of the Board which include four directors. The company enjoys endowment of knowledgeable and distinguished individuals who supplement external and internal perspectives that offer great support to the Board. UB Group reserves a wealth of employee with specialized skills and an undeterred commitment to their jobs allocated. The Group is led by the chairman Mr. Vijay Malaya, who succeeded his father position. He has a wide experience and skill in management having trained in several courses. He is remarkably the foremost Indian to be holder of formula one team. He is the Groups Chairman in India and USA. Consumer diversity is increasingly evolving and businesses have looked for different ways to identify their needs and subsequently satisfy them. Market analysis techniques have intensively and extensively looked into consumer behavior and trend in the market to identify the marketing opportunities and explore them by meeting the desires of customer in a more profitable manner. UB Group has achieved to amass the biggest share of the market in India and the world as well. A deep analysis of the market analysis techniques used by the company will be undertaken to realize the opportunities that the company had realized in its various investments and enhanced service delivery (Kress Snyder, 1994). Market segmentation involves three basic steps in developing a market entry strategy. Although in essence it just groups the market by common features of certain groups with a focus to demography, these steps help in citing the differences correctly. First the customers are grouped according to their needs and reactions to as to categorically know what type of products the market want, how much by what group of customers. This will forge the way forward in the design of the product (Nelson, 2010). UBLs market is projected to expand significantly owing to the fact that Heineken Internal is signing a shareholder agreement, but most contributing factor is the leverage Heinekens distribution strength that will spearhead the marketing of Kingfisher Beer in the chosen International Markets. Second, after determining the wants you determine the segment which you are to deliver your products. Thirdly, you have to lie down and come up with a product portfolio so as to be able to gauge the trend, cost and extent of the product in terms of distribution. Demand has to be looked into in the first steps. Market segmentation gives a more precise data and analysis which to the business is significant in making projections while identifying the real opportunity in the market. There are different means however of how to achieve through a market segmentation, it is fundamentally through the company capability that this can be effectively be achieved. The Group is committed in its involvement in corporate social responsibility. Over the years the company has been keen to endeavor in dealings in the area of Life Sciences that have led to the development of Mallya Hospital at Bangalore that has a touch to the underprivileged in the community by offering them subsidized service. The hospital has owned the reputation of using exceptional medical equipments that translated into quality medical care and the most excellent medical consultants. The hospital has registered significant improvement and development, today, the initially 150-bed hospital has been turned into a 450-bed hospital of which an estimated of 50 beds are set aside to specifically care for seriously ill patients. The company boasts of this community extension service owing to the fact that it was the first Indian Hospital to be awarded ISO 9002 certification. Group Company has taken aggressive exportation as a market strategy for marketing its products rather than partial exportation bearing in mind that it produces different brands, it does not wait for orders but goes to look for them. It has extensively built branches in many parts of the world, other than India, so that it stores its products as it seeks or attends to the demand already identified in the market. The SWOT analysis is a useful tool for understanding markets and subsequent decision making for all sorts of available opportunities in the market. Determination of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats are critical in getting a good review of strategy and direction of a company proposition of investment in a market. However, in order to increase on the reliability of the SWOT analysis it is critical that one completes a PEST analysis first. PEST analysis is a fundamental tool in understanding the market opportunities and growths attached to it after ones investments. The acronym stand which implies a critical brainstorming review of the market Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors has proved to be fundamental in assessing organizations markets. It gives the indicators of the challenges and advantages both in political, social and economical aspects of the market. Group Company proved to have ventured in their market through critical review of this using this method as reflected in the success factors and the choice of the countries it has invested in. Its investments in USA for example, was due to their political and economic stability, and an extended hand in the purchasing power of the customers which was intriguing, as reflected in the high success of USL and UBL in America. SWOT on the other hand restrained the company from setting up its manufacturing companies because of the fluctuating economic status of the county. Group Company were able to assess their markets using Porters five forces model that enabled them gauge the markets competitive strength and position. Bearing in mind of the stiff competition, the company innovatively increased its number of brand and ventured into aggressive exportation of its products. It got into partnership with its promoters so as to increase the sales turnover and turned threats of technology obsoleteness by engaging its UB Engineering Company in time to time plant installation and upgrading of plants. The company recognized the existing competitive challenge with its competitors, fully evaluated the threats of the new market identified and the purchasing power of the consumers and threats in terms of the immense range of products in the market, and associated changes in prices that might plunge the company into a loss or closure. The company has the biggest market share because of its accrued single window ventures to invest in the global market. Holding Company of the Group manages stakes in UB group leading companies which are United Spirits Limited (USL), United Breweries Limited (UBL), and Kingfisher Airlines (KFA). Each major investment is prevailing leader in their own market because of their fast increasing segment response to current emerging customer trends. Other than the three above major successful investments, other group ventures in setting up of industrial plants through its engineering company, and in the manufacture pharmaceutical and fertilizers are improving at a gradual rate. This was reflected in the analysis of the size of structure and success of each investment which confirmed a relative relationship to their respective market share. The analysis of the market share of the above investee companies was as follows: The UB Group, being one of the forefronts in terms of branded customer group as indicated above, has dominated the industry in three of its consumer driven investments: alcohol and beverages which is its leading in market share with 30%, dominated in spirits associated with the different brands quality that today it controls 40% of the market shares, and the aviation which is also leading with 45% of the market share. However, UBE, MCF and AVENTIS might indicate less market shares as compared to the former three of 28%, 22% and 15%, but it is also proud to realize such market shares by the company put it among the top service and products providers in their respective markets. United Spirits Limited (USL) has been the leading and the worlds second largest spirit company with consistent domination and a market share of 40%. Offers a wide variety of brands, over 140 and has specialized in a twenty percent of the brands going for multimillionaire ranging from whisky, Brandy, Rum to Vodka and Gin. In the year 2009, the company recorded a turnover of over 90 million in sales revenue. The company has been able to the global market and wins most customers that led to it being voted as the best company and attracted awards across all fields and categories. For instance, instance in June the company was able to win over 108 awards, in all the international wine and spirit contests. The company is thus associated with innovation, the best market entry strategy and market analysis and enjoys being the first single diet whisky manufacture in the whole world. Kingfisher Airline Limited is among the biggest international airline operators serving over 400 flights a day in India and over 2500 flights internationally. KAF constantly dominates 45% of the market with a wide destination networks. Its services range from regional to long-haul internal destination suiting majority of airline customers. Apart from the stylish red interiors in the aircraft that customers enjoy, they are also satisfied with the in-flight entertainment, not to mention the reliable smartly dressed crew and ground staff that meet ones needs on request. For instance, in May 2009, KAL recorded a total of one million international passengers that saw the company realize the highest market share. UB Engineering is has been renown in the market for turning construction investments and building dreams into a reality. The company has strongly focused on, but not limited to, projects in industrial installation, power, fabrication, fire fighting, and agrochemicals. However a deep concentration on erecting plants with speed and efficiency saw its competition on flexibility realize an increased market share. The companys undeterred commitment to compete on quality made it achieve the award on ISO 9001:2000 certification. It has widely built its reputation for effective operation covering fitting, gauging and maintenance of mechanical projects (Janssen, 2004). Today UB engineering records substantial turnovers of Rs. 150 Crore with a rapidly increasing trend, the last realized was Rs.275 Crore. One of the leading International engineering companies in the field of installation of industrial plants that is deeply focused on Trunkey Division for developments in Power generation, Fertilizer quality improvement and manufacture, Fire Fighting, sewage Treatment, Agrochemical production among others. Obstacles The Group Company therefore has been able to win most markets and realize aggressive growth. Its ability to change its products in line with the customers preferences was because it had mastered the market so well. In the 1950s, it expanded from single production of beer to production of spirits and even went ahead to acquire more acquire companies for production. This notwithstanding, the company in 2003, increased its brands and acquires more business for the production of liquor. It was at this time that the company released its most selling brand the Kingfisher. The company has the biggest market share because of its accrued single window ventures to invest in the global market. Holding Company of the Group manages stakes in UB group leading companies which are United Spirits Limited (USL), United Breweries Limited (UBL), and Kingfisher Airlines (KFA). Each major investment is prevailing leader in their own market because of their fast increasing segment response to current emerging customer trends. Other than the three above major successful investments, other group ventures in setting up of industrial plants through its engineering company, and in the manufacture pharmaceutical and fertilizers are improving at a gradual rate. This was reflected in the analysis of the size of structure and success of each investment which confirmed a relative relationship to their respective market share (Janssen, 2004).

The sanctity of life

The sanctity of life The Christian response to abortion in our western culture has been a matter of preserving the sanctity of life. Although it would seem to be cut and dry to a Christian that abortion violates that sanctity of life, it continues to face constitutional evolvement, differing worldviews, the scrutiny of the medical profession, and with respect to school text books. All of these concerns illustrate a wayward compass, lacking the ability to find true north. Society continues to weigh the simple yet complex definitions of personhood. Abortion is purported to be morally justified by pro-choice advocates in the postmodern culture. The question of what is right or wrong is argued within both sides of the issue. For instance the religious community cannot reach agreement cites Rothstein and Williams, (1983) what a person consists of or when a person begins life. This paper will contend that the postmodern attitude towards abortion has been characterized as ambivalent, and in a postmodern theistic society which has been exposed to liberal schools of thought changing Christian and family values to err on the side of science and convenience. Further, decision makers on the pro-choice side have used their agenda to further their secular beliefs through education, giving rise to sexual promiscuity. Additionally, there have been declines in moral thresholds, in theological literacy, and in respect for the importance of gender roles, resulting in societys ambivalence and a reduction in regard for the sanctity of life. Disputes over abortion are usually very heated due to the involvement of conflicting world views. Abortion is going to have difficulty attempting to reside within a Christian worldview, based purely on their opposing logic. Furthermore, abortion cannot maintain itself within the worldview of liberal postmodernism. Challengers of abortion are aware they are supporting unborn babies; although they may not be cognizant they are also supporting the Christian worldview. Also supporters of legal abortions identify that they are securing a womans right to choose even though they may not be completely aware of their support to the postmodern worldview. A worldview adds perspective and helps us identify with the world around us, and how we deduce and appraise not only what we see, but how we compare ourselves to our understanding of life. Religion has the ability to hone a persons worldview, which starts to develop and institute a moral awareness which tends to give form and shape our moral perspectives. (Durkheim 1954), Religion serves as a main source for determining right and wrong, good and bad, just and unjust.(p. 43). In order to have a suitable understanding of the postmodern view of abortion, both opposing worldviews must be examined in order to balance our understanding as to why a person in a theistic society embraces a pro-abortion stance. This comparison will also show why there is difficulty in finding a common ground, and why a postmodern worldview conversion or construction is not practical at this point, leading to the rise in secular decision making. Comparative analysis of two opposing worldviews: Man is a created being and has a composition pre-determined by an intelligent and purposeful design, as opposed to mans indiscriminate evolvement and has no fixed nature or design. Man is an immortal spirit being which indwells a mortal body, and in contrast, man is wholly a physical animal and or machine. Moral law governs universally through marriage, sexual activity, and family, and in contrast morality is culturally and or individually determined. (Luker, 1984) Argues that pro-choice activist women share almost no common premises and very little common language with antiabortion activist women; in particular, the worldviews and conceptions of motherhood held by the two different groups of women are antithetical. (p.2). The culture war on abortion has many fronts, and those who adhere to liberal postmodernism or answer to liberal postmodern ideology are likely to frame lawful abortion as a set of rights or privileges. Professor Stanley Hauerwas author of Theologically Understood goes on to say that Christians in America are tempted to think of issues like abortion primarily in legal terms such as rights. He explains rights as an agreement between members in a society, who have nothing in common. Professor Hauerwas states that within a liberal society such as ours, the law functions as a mediator of such agreements. He gives an example of our system of law by saying lawyers are to America what priests were to the medieval world. In other words according to professor Hauerwas, Is abortion right or wrong? Or is this abortion right or wrong? rather, the first question is, Why do Christians call abortion, abortion and with the first question goes a second, Why do Christians think that abortion is a morally problematic term? (p. 5). Professor Hauerwas demystifies years of elusions by calling abortion, abortion which is already an achievement based on principles. Lets call a spade a spade, pro-choice is really pro-abortion isnt it, or what about termination of pregnancy, and with the use of this terminology the postmodernist have reduced the churchs involvement, and reallocated the moral responsibility onto the medical profession. (Emerson, 1996) For most of the twentieth century, abortion was removed from public scrutiny by defining it as a question of medical judgment. (p. 44). Well by circumventing the church we can easily foretell any future decision making within a postmodern society towards abortion by defining that mistake as take God out of anything and it dies as pointed out here by Friedrich Nietzsche, parable of a madman Do we smell anything yet of Gods decomposition? Isnt this the crux of postmodern wisdom which is inserting Gods insignificance into the minds of our youth like a Botox injection giving off the same expression of emotion? As pointed out by (Sire, 2004) A culture cannot lose its philosophic center without the most serious of consequences, not just to the philosophy on which it was based but to the whole superstructure of culture and even each persons notion of who he or she is. When God dies, both the substance and the value of everything else die too. (p. 211). This leads me to my next point on Postmodernisms thinking on the sanctity of life, which has created a pro-abortion crisis in America. In the United States alone the abortion rates had increased, in 1974 898,000 to 1,533,000 in 1980. These figures tell us that on an average day in Washington D.C., our nations capital 4,257 abortions are outnumbering live births. Twenty-five percent of all pregnancies are terminated in this manner and forty percent among teenagers, and approximately twenty percent of all women in the United States have had a legal abortion. Sixty percent were under twenty five years of age, and eighty two percent were unmarried at the time of their abortions, and sixty nine percent of these individuals were white. This is the latest available information provided to us by researchers at the (Henshaw, Koonin Smith institute, 1991). The above information shows the influential state and the wide acceptance of abortion and its use as a solution rather than as a last resort. Another way we see secular conditioning, is through what we read, which raises the question are we neglecting to effectively teach any alternatives to abortions such as adoption? For a number of generations we have been stealth fully preconditioning society by removing God from public education. Here for example a member of the Texas board of education is reported saying (Castro, 2010)There seems to be a misinformed view of religion in American history, that America is somehow founded on Christianity, Mize said. We just ask that things be historically accurate.(Â ¶7). The following message certainly points to a valid concern held by many Christians, and alludes to a valid misrepresentation on prolife options within our school textbooks. The following independent study is brought to us by (Kathy Shepherd Elaine Hall, 1994) from 1988 through 1993 sampling 27 textbooks representing 16 publishers covering a period of 6 years.(p. 267). They referenced topics such as, abortion and legal cases such as Roe v. Wade, pro-life, birth control, teen pregnancy, and reproduction. Citations for abortion were indexed more than 60 times and adoption citations were indexed under 13 headings. Also with this study acknowledgement to abortion was tendered 4 times more page space than adoption. That study certainly lessens the burden of understanding a postmodern view towards the ultimate decision to dismiss life, since a form of preconditioning has shown a dismissive slide of pen towards alternatives methods of abortion. (Geersten, 1977) The textbook often provides the central focus and organizing framework for courses, and students, in turn rely on textbooks as their most readily available source of information about the course topics. (p. 102). Postmodern theists are also finding difficulty with the abortion issue when it comes to their education as pointed out here, (Schmalzbauer, 1993) contends that Evangelicals for the most part tend to adhere to their education group rather than their religion with regards to their abortion attitudes. (p. 6). Education will no doubt reconstruct the minds of our youth as pointed out by (Evans, 2002) when he commented on Wuthnow, 1988 education is a more powerful opinion structuring force than religious discourse itself, and most studies find that the more education a respondent has, the more liberal his or her abortion attitudes. (p. 418). This adds to why a postmodern theistic society raises and nurtures its most influential citizens into embracing such secular ideas as Humanism, Naturalism, and Theistic Existentialism? (Bruce Steve, 1996) Postmodernism is here to stay and to evolve. It is a major paradigm shift that has vast and deep impact on the world. When modernity hits hard on Christianity, many sociologists predict the inevitable demise and even eradication of Christianity by secularism. (p. Â ¶5). Also having the wrong personalities controlling how textbooks are studied can only point to the trickling down effect of God within the hearts of man. (Strickler and Danigelis, 1999) Point out that education is shaping the very future of Christendom. By the mid-1990s abortion had been legal for two decades, the population had become more educated and more secular, and other sociodemographic trends found abortion increasingly acceptable. (p. 188). Another reason our postmodern society leans towards abortion as a first consideration rather than as a last resort rests within their understanding of God. The postmodern cultures knowledge of the bible clearly illustrates the ease of which abortion decisions are made. According to the attitudes in society, the concept of God has not changed, and Americans declare their attitudes outline their public disposition. Timothy Renick, (2007) mentions a vast many Americans purport their own religious institutions take part in public strategy issues, and the majority of Congress members consult their individual religious values when voting on legislation. He further notes that America is still very Christian minded, more so than Israel is Jewish or Utah is Mormon. (Timothy Renick, 2007) Yet surveys show that the majority of [postmodern] Americans cannot name even one of the four Gospels, only one-third know that it was Jesus who delivered the Sermon on the Mount, and 10 percent think that Joan of Arc was Noahs wife. (Hey, at least they know that Noah was associated with an ark-or is that Arc?) (p. 26). (Timothy Renick, 2007) continues to paint a solemn picture of postmodern Christianitys understanding of the bible by saying, Many high school seniors think that Sodom and Gomorrah were husband and wife. Renick also claims that devout Christians are, on average, at least as ignorant about the facts of Christianity as are other Americans. Sixty percent of evangelicals think Jesus was born in Jerusalem; only 51 percent of the Jews surveyed made the same mistake. And things are not getting any better. (p. 26-27). (Renick, quotes Prothero, 2007) comments on America which has become a nation deeply religious and profoundly ignorant about religion.(26). References Schmalzbauer, John 1993 Evangelicals in the new class: Class versus subculture predictors of Ideology. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 32(4):330-342. Wuthnow, Robert 1988 the Restructuring of American Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Geersten, R. (1977). The textbook: An ACIDS test. Teaching Sociology, 5, 101-120. Henshaw, S. K., Koonin, L. M., Smith, J. C. (1991). Characteristics of U.S. women having Abortions. Family Planning Perspectives, 23, 75-81. Bruce, (1996). Religion in the Modern World. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Emerson M. (1996). Through Tinted Glasses: Religion, Worldviews, and Abortion Attitudes. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1996, vol. 35, No. 1. P. 41-55. April Castro, (2010) Texas Ed Board Set to Take 1st Vote since Primary. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wirestory?id=10058603page=1. Retrieved on April 9, 2010. Lokensgard, K. (AP 2009). Religious literacy, the First Amendment, and public education. Council of Societies for the Study of Religion Bulletin. 38(2), 41-45. Renick, T. M. (S 4 2007). Dumbed down: what Americans dont know about religion. Christian Century. 124(18), 26-29. Once again here we are asking how a Christian in a postmodern society can consider abortion as a viable solution to a complex moral issue. The abortion debate has polarized Americans like no other national problem since 9/11 or Watergate. The abortion issue has created a vast partitioning across Americas cultural, and religious lines, which is also evident at the individual, political, and ecclesiastical levels. (New International Version, 1984) You may say I am allowed to do anything. But I reply, Not everything is good for you. And even through I am allowed to do anything, I must not become a slave to anythingBut our bodies were not made for sexual immorality. They were made for the Lord, and the Lord cares about our bodies. (1 Cor. 6:12-13). Thomas Jefferson is regularly addressed as one of the finest proponents of religious freedom in the nineteenth century. In a letter dated 1816 he writes about moral decisions which he acknowledges the individual is heir to his own decision and no one else, (Lokensgard, 2009) But I have ever thought religion a concern purely between our God and our consciences, for which we were accountable to Him, and not to the priests (p. 43).

English Literature Poems :: English Literature

English Literature Poems Compare the methods that ‘Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan’ employs to highlight the importance of cultural identity with another poem? I have chosen to compare ‘Presents’ and ‘Hurricane’ as both poems highlight the importance of cultural identity in society. Both poets ‘Alvi’ and ‘Nicholas’ employ many different and similar methods to illustrate the importance of cultural identity. The poem ‘Presents’ is about the writer herself at a younger age feeling insecure as she is of dual heritage (mixed race) ‘in my English Grandmother’s dining - room. In the poem the poet begins to conflict with herself as she believes that she is not of one set race ‘I was there of no fixed nationality’. Throughout the poem the poet begins to show her insecurity as she begins to respond to the presents her aunties bought her from her native land negatively ‘I could never be as lovely as those clothes’. A t the end of the poem the Alvi is unable to resolve her problem as she finishes the poem feeling rather down saying ‘I was there of no fixed nationality’. The poem ‘Hurricane’ is rather similar in the way that it is again autobiographical. In the poem the writer is also in conflict with herself as she has left her motherland Guyana to move to England. At first the poet dreaded England but as soon as there was news of a Hurricane she began to feel much at home as hurricanes happen often in the southern equator. The writer shows her relationship with the hurricane by referring to it as her ‘sweeping a back home cousin’. At the end of the poem the writer resolves her problem which is her conflict with herself as she misses her homeland ‘Come to let me know that the earth is the earth’. The similarities of the poems are that they both involve the same situation which is conflict with another culture. Both poems ‘Presents’ and ‘Hurricane’ are autobiographical as ‘I’ is used which is a first person pronoun. Even though the poem ‘Presents’ begins with the third person pronoun ‘They’ however the poet uses many first person references such as ‘me’, ‘I’, and ‘My’. The poem Hurricane also uses third person references such as ‘her’ which is employed to distance the character. ‘Presents’ is structured to show the conflict of the characters culture and identity. In each paragraph each sentence is aligned differently however in ‘Hurricane’ it is structured differently. In ‘Hurricane’ the poem is structured to show to build up the climax. The first stanza shows the emotional detachment of the author to the hurricane.

Humanistic and Social Development Essay -- Education

The humanistic and social development curriculums are both excellent ways to design a physical education class. The humanistic approach focuses on helping students reach their maximum potential. This approach believes learning is viewed as a personal act to fulfill one’s potential. On the other hand, the social development curriculum is designed for students to interact with peers to develop in a positive way. Social development is the process of change exhibited by individuals resulting from their interaction with other individuals. These two curriculums are often interrelated. For instance, by developing socially, you can positively impact you’re self-esteem. Therefore, by increasing your self-esteem, you can reach your full potential easier. When taking a closer look at the humanistic teaching approach, you’ll discover five key components. These include choice or control, felt concern, the whole person, self-evaluation, and teaching as a facilitator. To begin, choice or control emphasizes more self-choice on the student. For example, you may let the student choose between different activities to participate in during physical education class. For instance you can have them choose if they want to play basketball or soccer. Next, you need to have felt concern for your students. This means that you focus on the concern’s and interests of the students. If it’s January and you know your students enjoy going outside in the snow, then take your students for an outdoor hike. Having felt concern for your students leads us to the next point, learning about the whole person. In order to focus on the interests of your students, you need to learn about your students. You must know each student by name and take t ime to get to know them bet... ...ation lessons on. By combining humanistic teaching theories with social development theories you can create a positive learning environment. Both of these theories can then be applied to the physical education classroom. Works Cited Lynch, April, Barry Elmore, and Tanya Morgan. Choosing Health. Boston: Benjamin Cummings, 2012. Print. Pangrazi, Robert P., and Paul W. Darst. Dynamic Physical Education for Secondary School Students: Curriculum and Instruction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. Print. http://www.ahpweb.org/rowan_bibliography/chapter17.html http://muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/rogers.html http://www.education.com/definition/social-development/ http://www.btsd.us/subsite/nam/page/physical-education-1000 http://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html http://thamisgith.hubpages.com/hub/Humanistic-Theory-Hierarchy-Of-Needs

Christian Tradition Essay

‘Men, women and schools of thought have reformed and/or revitalised the Christian tradition.’ How well does this statement reflect the impact on Christianity of ONE significant person or school of thought, other than Jesus? Pope John XXIII was a highly influential, religious leader in the Catholic Church, whom was elected Pope on 28th October 1958. Although he was thought to be a transitional pope, John XXIII was often addressed as the ‘good pope’ due to his significant involvement in Catholicism. He challenged the role of the Catholic Church and emphasised the importance of interfaith dialogue. John XXIII’s most significant impact is the creation of the Second Vatican Council, which taught the Catholic Church to â€Å"open the windows† to engage with the modern world. Pope John XXIII was also passionate in promoting social justice, world peace and human rights. The statement clearly defines the impact John XXIII contributed to, as he reformed and revitalised the Christian tradition to adapt to the modern world of the 1960s, as well the ecumenism of all Christian denominations. Before the opening of Vatican II on 11 October 1962, the Church was separated from the secular world, as it was considered that everything not within Christianity was corrupt. Even so, sectarianism between different Christian denominations was very strong. Mass had also been spoken in Latin since 1570, and the laity were not supposed to read the Bible, and were merely observers to the liturgy, as all the ministries were done by the clergy.1 Since 1870, no Pope had an official engagement outside the Vatican, and mostly focused within the Catholic Church, however John XXIII changed this concept completely. He worked to reform the Catholic Church by calling the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). Vatican II was the first council of any sort in over 100 years, and in its course, over 2500 bishops attended the four sessions convened. Vatican II was considered â€Å"an engagement with the modern world through a Christ-centred mission†2 which completely changed the mindset and mentality of people to engage with the modern world. The renewal of the liturgy saw the involvement of the laity, as now the Tridentine Mass was translated into the vernacular. The laity were now encouraged to study the Bible, as it was also translated into vernacular language. This impacted the whole concept of Mass, as the laity could now actively participate in the celebration of the liturgy and were recognised by the Church as the people of God, through the dogmatic constitution ‘Lumen Gentium’. John XXIII demonstrated his personal engagement with the world through his own personal examples, like meeting with world leaders, visiting inmates in prisons and sick children in hospitals. John XXIII also impacted on the expression of Christianity through the acceptance of the means of media such as, film, radio and television to engage with adherents. The Catholic Church would be outdated and irrelevant to modern life, if not for Pope John XXIII’s calling for Second Vatican Council, which revitalised the whole Church to engage with the modern world. Vatican II also brought about the 21st Ecumenical Council, which included the change of attitude from hostility/sectarianism to mutual respect and acceptance of all Christian denominations. Before Vatican II, the Catholic Church was seen as the ‘one true Church’, and Protestants were called heretics, while Orthodox Christians were schismatics. The council sought to renew the life of the church and reform its structures and institutions.3 One of the aims of John XXIII was the ‘Decree of Ecumenism’ which was to promote the ‘unity of Christians’, and thus stated, â€Å"Let us place values on those things which unite us and lay aside that which separates us.†4 Pope John XXIII demonstrated this reform by meeting with the Anglican Archbishop of Cantebury and also the Orthodox Patriarch in the 1960‘s. In 1965, the Catholic and Orthodox Churches apologised to each other and lifted the mutual excommunication of the Great Schism in 1054.The Catholic Church also became involved with the World Council of Churches in 1940. John XXIII’s ecumenical reform has now impacted the interaction between Christians, as they are now encouraged to share prayer and social actions together, ending the sectarianism conflicts between Christian denominations. Interfaith dialogue was also a factor of the Vatican II, encouraging mutual respect and dialogue amongst different religious traditions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam. In the Vatican II document ‘Nostra Aetate’, he recognised and accepted that there is the presence of truth contained in other religious traditions, and condemned ‘anti-semitism’. John XXIII’s reforms of ecumenism, unity of mankind, and interfaith dialogue has impacted and revitalised the interaction of the secular and non secular world. Pope John XXIII also appealed to the whole world to work for peace and justice, emphasising the importance of â€Å"unity among mankind†. The role of the church was also questioned, and now became a ‘servant’ to the world as the Catholic Church became aware of social issues such as human rights, unity of Christians, social justice and world peace. John XXIII revitalised the Catholic Church’s view of modern world and its relationship to it. The church now was at the service of the world rather than in opposition.5 The Catholic Church was now open to dialogue and work with other Christians, other religions and even atheistic governments such as the communists. John XXIII also encouraged all Christians to be called to discipleship, and new roles of ‘evangelisation’ and ‘word for social justice’. This is further expressed in his encyclical, ‘Mater Et Magistra’ (Mother and Teacher). ‘Mater Et Magistra’ restated the teaching of social justice, and the necessity for wealthy nations to support developing countries. The encyclical stated, â€Å"Justice and humanity demand that those countries which produce consumer goods, especially farm products†¦should come to the assistance of other countries where large sections of the population are suffering from want and hunger.†6 Another encyclical by John XXIII is ‘Pacem in Terris’ (Peace on Earth), which applied to the whole world for peace as it was on the brink of a nuclear war. ‘Pacem in Terris’ pleaded for the banning of nuclear weapons and an end to the arms race.7 Another aim for calling the Second Vatican Council was the promotion of ‘unity among mankind’. The Pope established an engagement between the Catholic Church and the modern world by his involvement in current world affairs. He met with John F. Kennedy (USA) and Khrushchev (USSR) to maintain and counsel for peace of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. John XXIII exhibited his contact with secular and non religious leaders to shape the path ahead for the common good of all. Pope John XXII was not only a significant figure in Christianity but also a highly influential figure in the world. Today, this has impacted on some Catholic organisations focusing on helping the poor and the development of third world countries. Through the 4 constitutions, 9 decrees and 3 declarations of the Vatican II, John XXIII revolutionised and challenged the traditions of triumphalism, clericalism and legalism in the Catholic church and brought participation by the laity, ecumenism, interfaith dialogue and a focus on justice and peace of the world. 8John XXIII’s reason and inspiration for his contribution come from the core Christian belief of Jesus’ commandment for love, â€Å"Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.†9 and †Love your neighbour as yourself.†10 Pope John XXIII was an inspiration man who reformed and revitalised the whole Catholic Church and impacted the way liturgy is held today, the interaction between Christian denominations and other religious traditions, and the focus on social justice and peace in the Christian tradition today.

Communication Worksheet Essay

In your own words, please answer the following questions. Each response should be written as an academic paragraph of at least 150 words. Be clear and concise, and be sure to explain your answers. If you cite any sources, use APA format. Paragraph QUESTIONS 1. WHAT IS THE TEXTBOOK DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION? WHAT DOES COMMUNICATION MEAN TO YOU PERSONALLY? GIVE AN EXAMPLE. (150 WORDS) Answers will vary. †¢ The textbook definition of communication is a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment (â€Å"West-Turner: Introducing Communication Theory,† 2004). With that being stated, communication is more than just speaking, typing, or texting and even signing. Real communication involves listening and paying attention to what the other person or group of people are expressing. Real communication is about response, give and take. In any real conversation we are all both teachers and learners. Real communication entails being open and honest. It shows the other person something about â€Å"who I am† on the inside. But if I really want the other person to pay attention and understand my message, I need to speak peacefully and quietly and directly. No one can really hear and understand anything when people are angry and shouting and looking all over the place. 1. Describe the differences between linear, interactional, and transactional. (150 words) Answers will vary. †¢ When it comes to communication, the differences between linear, interactional, and transactional communication are very different but are  also required for one another to work properly. Linear communication is a one-way street used for communication. It consists of the sender encoding a message and channeling it to the receiver in the presence of noise. There is an assumption that there is a clear beginning and end to this type of communication with no feedback from the receiver (â€Å"West-Turner: Introducing Communication Theory,† 2004). For example sending an email, text message, or giving a lecture. Interactional communication builds upon the linear communication model. It is a two-way street in which the sender channels a message to the receiver and the receiver becomes the sender and channels a message back to the original receiver(â€Å"West-Turner: Introducing Communication Theory,† 2004). This model has added feedback and field experience. Cultural b ackgrounds, ethnicity, location, and personal experiences play a major role in interactional communication. For example sending a text message to a receiver and the original sender having to wait for a text message back. Finally, transactional communication notices that each and every one of us is a sender and a receiver combined. It also notices that all parties involved in the communication are affected in some shape or form. The transactional communication method shows that communication is fluid and simultaneous (â€Å"West-Turner: Introducing Communication Theory,† 2004) and that most conversations are alike. It takes into consideration how each and every one of us interprets the data from the conversations, thus both parties being able to share the same meaning. For example friends talking and listening. While one friend is talking the others are constantly giving feedback on what they think or feel through facial expression or verbal feedback without stopping the original friend from talking.